first best

эк. оптимальный, "первый наилучший" (характеристика стратегии, которая приводит к достижению наилучшего результата при отсутствии каких-л. ограничений или дисторсий)

A a.

1 primo: the first comer, il primo venuto; a first coat of paint, una prima mano di vernice; the first officer of a ship, il primo ufficiale di bordo; the first two [three], i primi due [tre]; at first light, alle prime luci dell'alba

2 primo; più importante; principale: the first scientists in Europe, gli scienziati più importanti in Europa

B avv.

1 per primo; primo: ( sport) to come in first, arrivare primo

2 prima; per prima cosa: I must speak with him first, prima (o per prima cosa) devo parlare con lui; first of all, prima di tutto; per prima cosa; innanzitutto

3 (per) la prima volta: When did you first hear about it?, quando ne hai sentito parlare la prima volta?; when we first met, la prima volta che ci siamo incontrati; quando ci siamo conosciuti

4 inizialmente; all'inizio: when I first arrived, quando arrivai; all'inizio

5 piuttosto: He said he would die first, disse che piuttosto sarebbe morto

C n.

1 (il) primo; (la) prima: I was the first to see him, sono stato il primo a vederlo; They are the first to complain, sono i primi a protestare; Henry the First, Enrico primo

2 ( nelle date) –: April 1st, il 1 aprile

3 (in GB) laurea col massimo dei voti: to get a first in history, laurearsi in storia col massimo dei voti

4 (in GB) laureato col massimo dei voti

5 primo esempio (di qc.); primo caso; primato: to score a first, mettere a segno un primato

6 (autom.) prima ( marcia o velocità)

7 primo premio

8 ( USA, baseball) prima base

● (med.) first aid, pronto soccorso □ first-aid kit, cassetta di pronto soccorso □ first-aid station, posto di pronto soccorso □ first-aid training, addestramento al pronto soccorso □ first and foremost, soprattutto; anzitutto □ first and last, soprattutto □ first base, ( sport: baseball) prima base; (fig. USA) fase iniziale, primo stadio □ first best, ottimale; ideale; (econ.) ‘first best’: a first-best setting, un contesto ideale; (econ.) a first-best equilibrium, un equilibrio di first best □ first-born, il primo nato ( di figli); primogenito □ (geol.) first bottom, fondovalle fluviale □ first class, (sost.) (ferr., aeron.) prima classe; (rif. a corrispondenza, in GB) posta prioritaria; (market.) prima qualità ( di merce): to travel first class, viaggiare in prima classe; to send a letter first class, spedire una lettera per posta prioritaria □ first-class, (agg.) (ferr., aeron.) di prima classe; (fig.) di prima qualità; eccellente; ( di corrispondenza) di posta prioritaria: a first-class seat, un posto di prima classe; a first-class hotel, un albergo di prima categoria; un albergo eccellente; (in GB) first-class honours (degree), laurea col massimo dei voti; first-class mail, posta prioritaria; first-class stamp, francobollo di posta prioritaria □ first-degree, (med.) di primo grado: first-degree burns, ustioni di primo grado; (leg., in USA) first-degree murder, omicidio di primo grado □ (anat.) first finger, (dito) indice □ first floor, (in GB) primo piano; (in USA) pianterreno □ (in Scozia) first-footer, il primo ospite che entra in una casa dopo la mezzanotte dell'ultimo dell'anno □ (in Scozia) first-footing, visita per gli auguri di Capodanno □ first fruits, primizie; (fig.) primi frutti del proprio lavoro □ (autom.) first gear, prima (marcia) □ ( anche fig.) first-generation, della (o di) prima generazione □ ( sport) first half, primo tempo ( di una partita in due tempi) □ (rag.) first in, first out ► FIFO □ (in USA) first lady, moglie del Presidente degli USA; ( anche) moglie del Governatore di uno Stato della Federazione □ first language, lingua madre; madrelingua □ (mil., in USA) □ First Lieutenant, tenente □ first mate, primo ufficiale; secondo (di bordo) □ First Minister, primo ministro (in Irlanda del Nord, Scozia e Galles) □ (tur., di biglietto aereo, combinazione, ecc.) first-minute, first minute ( acquistato con forte sconto molto prima della partenza) □ (comm., econ.) first mover, pioniere; ‘first mover’: first-mover advantage, vantaggio della prima mossa □ first name, nome proprio; nome di battesimo: to be on first name terms with sb., chiamare per nome q.; dare del tu a q. □ ( Canada) First Nations, Prime Nazioni ( nome collettivo per la popolazione indigena del Canada) □ (teatr., cinem.) first night, prima; première (franc.) □ first-nighter, assiduo (spettatore) di prime teatrali (o cinematografiche) □ (fin.) first of exchange, prima di cambio; prima copia di una cambiale □ (fam.) first off, per prima cosa; in primo luogo (correlato con next off, ► next) □ (leg.) first offender, reo incensurato; chi delinque per la prima volta □ first officer, (naut.) = first mate ► sopra; (aeron.) secondo pilota □ first or last, prima o poi; presto o tardi □ first-order, di prim'ordine; di prima classe □ first past the post, (ipp.) primo al traguardo; (fig., polit., in GB) sistema uninominale a un turno (o a scrutinio unico), uninominale secca; sistema maggioritario a maggioranza semplice □ ( Canada) First Peoples = First Nations ► sopra □ (gramm. e fig.) first person, prima persona: written in the first person, scritto in prima persona □ first-rate, di prima qualità; di prim'ordine; di primaria importanza □ (polit.) first reading, prima lettura ( di un disegno di legge) □ (leg., market.) first refusal, diritto di prelazione; (diritto di) opzione □ ( USA) first respondent, addetto al primo intervento ( polizia, vigili del fuoco, ecc.) □ ( USA) first response, primo intervento □ (cinem., USA) first run, prima visione: a first-run theater, un cinema di prima visione □ first school, primo triennio delle elementari □ (polit.) First Secretary, primo ministro ( nel Galles, dal 1998 al 2000) □ first shift, primo turno; turno di giorno □ (cinem.) first show, prima visione □ (autom.) first speed, prima (velocità) □ (mil.) first strike, attacco di sorpresa □ (mil., fis. nucl.) first-strike weapon, arma per attacco di sorpresa □ first string, (mus.) primo violino; (fig., sport) i titolari ( di una squadra) □ first-string, di prim'ordine; di prima qualità: a first-string scientist, uno scienziato di prim'ordine □ first team player, titolare □ (fam.) first thing (tomorrow), per prima cosa (domattina) □ First things first, cominciamo dalle cose più importanti □ first-time buyer, acquirente della prima casa □ first-timer, chi fa qc. per la prima volta; esordiente □ (naut.) first watch, prima comandata ( turno di guardia dalle 8 di sera a mezzanotte) □ (econ.) the First World, i paesi a economia forte; i paesi industrializzati □ at first, in principio; dapprima; sulle prime □ at first hand, di prima mano □ at first sight (o view, blush), a prima vista □ from first to last, dall'inizio alla fine; da cima a fondo □ from the first, fin dal principio □ in the first instance (o place), in primo luogo; prima di tutto; innanzi tutto □ (fam.) not to have the first idea, non avere la più pallida idea □ not to know the first thing about st., non sapere niente di qc.; non intendersene minimamente di qc. □ of the first water, ( di pietra preziosa) di acqua purissima; (fig.) della più bell'acqua □ (prov.) First come, first served, chi primo arriva è servito per primo; ( anche) chi tardi arriva male alloggia: DIALOGO → - Parent-teacher meeting- It's first come first served this time, questa volta funziona in base all'ordine di arrivo.

1)

а) общ. первый, ранний ( начавший(ся) раньше остальных)

б) общ. первый (положивший начало чему-л.)

в) общ. первый по расписанию, самый ранний

2) общ. первый ( по порядку при последовательности или перечислении)

3) общ. первый по важности, значительности; занимающий приоритетное положение

first [fɜ:st]

premier ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c) tout de suite ⇒ 1 (b) le premier ⇒ 2 (a), 3 d'abord ⇒ 2 (b) pour la première fois ⇒ 2 (c) première ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (f)

1 adjective

(a) (in series) premier;

∎ the first few days les deux ou trois premiers jours;

∎ the first six months les six premiers mois;

∎ Louis the First Louis Premier ou Ier;

∎ one hundred and first cent unième;

∎ to be first in the queue être le (la) premier(ère) de la queue;

∎ I'm first je suis ou c'est moi le premier;

∎ she was first in English Literature elle était première en littérature anglaise;

∎ she's in first place (in race) elle est en tête;

∎ to win first prize gagner le premier prix;

∎ this is the first time I've been to New York c'est la première fois que je viens à New York;

∎ first floor British premier étage m; American rez-de-chaussée m;

∎ Cars first gear première f (vitesse f);

∎ put the car into first gear passe la première (vitesse);

∎ British first year University première année f; School sixième f;

∎ British a first-year university student un étudiant de première année à l'université;

∎ I learnt of it at first hand je l'ai appris de la bouche de l'intéressé/l'intéressée, c'est lui-même/elle-même qui me l'a appris;

∎ I learned of her resignation at first hand c'est elle-même qui m'a appris sa démission;

∎ I haven't (got) the first idea je n'en ai pas la moindre idée;

∎ I don't know the first thing about cars je n'y connais absolument rien en voitures;

∎ I'll pick you up first thing (in the morning) je passerai te chercher demain matin à la première heure;

∎ I'm not at my best first thing in the morning je ne suis pas au mieux de ma forme très tôt le matin;

∎ there's a first time for everything il y a un début à tout;

∎ to be the first person to do sth être le (la) premier(ère) à faire qch

(b) (immediately) tout de suite;

∎ first thing after lunch tout de suite après le déjeuner;

∎ literary she's past her first youth elle n'est plus de la première jeunesse

(c) (most important → duty, concern) premier;

∎ the first priority la priorité des priorités;

∎ to put first things first commencer par le commencement;

∎ first things first! prenons les choses dans l'ordre!;

∎ to go back to first principles repartir sur des bases saines

2 adverb

(a) (before the others → arrive, leave, speak) le (la) premier(ère), en premier;

∎ I saw it first! c'est moi qui l'ai vu le (la) premier(ère) ou en premier!;

∎ you go first vas-y en premier;

∎ ladies first les dames d'abord;

∎ women and children first les femmes et les enfants d'abord;

∎ Computing & Industry first in, first out premier entré, premier sorti;

∎ Administration last in, first out dernier entré, premier sorti;

∎ to come first (in race) arriver premier; (in exam) avoir la première place, être premier;

∎ her career comes first sa carrière passe d'abord ou avant tout;

∎ I've never come first with you, have I? tu ne m'as jamais fait passer avant le reste, n'est-ce pas?;

∎ to put one's family first faire passer sa famille d'abord ou avant tout;

∎ proverb first come first served les premiers arrivés sont les premiers servis;

∎ tickets were handed out on a first come first served basis les billets ont été distribués par ordre d'arrivée

(b) (firstly, before anything else) d'abord;

∎ first, I want to say thank you tout d'abord, je voudrais vous remercier, je voudrais d'abord vous remercier;

∎ first prepare the meat préparez d'abord la viande;

∎ I need to go to the lavatory first il faut d'abord que j'aille aux toilettes;

∎ what should I do first? qu'est-ce que je dois faire en premier?;

∎ first hear the arguments, then make up your mind écoutez d'abord les arguments, ensuite vous vous déciderez;

∎ she says first one thing then another elle dit d'abord une chose, et puis une autre;

∎ I'm a mother first and a wife second je suis une mère avant d'être une épouse

(c) (for the first time) pour la première fois; (initially) au début;

∎ we first met in London nous nous sommes rencontrés à Londres;

∎ when I first knew him quand je l'ai connu

(d) (sooner, rather)

∎ I'd die first plutôt mourir;

∎ familiar I'll see him damned first or in hell first j'aimerais bien voir ça

3 noun

(a) (before all others)

∎ the first le (la) premier(ère);

∎ he was among the first to realise il a été parmi les premiers à s'en rendre compte;

∎ we were the very first to arrive nous sommes arrivés les tout premiers;

∎ she was the first in our family to go to university c'était la première de la famille à aller à l'université;

∎ he came in an easy first (in race) il est arrivé premier haut la main

(b) (achievement) première f;

∎ that's a notable first for France c'est une grande première pour la France

(c) (first time)

∎ the first we heard/knew of it was when... nous en avons entendu parler pour la première fois/l'avons appris quand...;

∎ it's the first I've heard of it! première nouvelle!

(d) (in dates)

∎ the first of May/the month le premier mai/du mois

(e) British University

∎ he got a first in economics ≃ il a eu mention très bien en économie;

∎ she got a double first in French and Russian ≃ elle a eu mention très bien en français et en russe

(f) Cars première f;

∎ in first en première;

∎ to put the car into first se mettre en première, passer la première

(g) Banking & Finance

∎ first of exchange première f de change

4 at first adverb

au début

5 first and foremost adverb

d'abord et surtout

6 first and last adverb

avant tout

7 first of all adverb

tout d'abord, pour commencer

8 first off adverb

familiar pour commencer^□

9 from first to last adverb

du début à la fin

10 from the (very) first adverb

dès le début

11 in the first instance adverb

d'abord;

∎ apply in the first instance to the personnel department adressez d'abord votre demande au service du personnel

12 in the first place adverb

(a) (referring to a past action) d'abord;

∎ why did you do it in the first place? et puis d'abord, pourquoi as-tu fait cela?;

∎ I don't understand why he married her in the first place d'abord, je ne comprends pas ce qui a bien pu le pousser à se marier avec elle

(b) (introducing an argument) d'abord;

∎ in the first place... and in the second place d'abord... et ensuite

►► first aid

1 noun

(UNCOUNT) (technique) secourisme m; (attention) premiers soins mpl;

∎ does anyone know any first aid? quelqu'un s'y connaît-il en secourisme?;

∎ to give/to receive first aid donner/recevoir les premiers soins

2 compound-forming noun

(class, manual) de secourisme;

first aid box trousse f à pharmacie;

first aid certificate brevet m de secourisme;

first aid kit trousse f à pharmacie;

British first aid post, first aid station poste m de secours;

American the First Amendment le premier amendement (de la Constitution des États-Unis garantissant les libertés individuelles du citoyen américain, notamment la liberté d'expression);

first class (on train, plane) première classe f; (for letter, parcel) tarif m normal;

first cousin cousin(e) m,f germain(e);

British first eleven (in soccer, cricket) = les onze meilleurs joueurs sélectionnés pour former l'équipe la plus forte dans un club;

American the First Family (presidential family) la famille présidentielle; (in a State) la famille du gouverneur;

British School first form sixième f; also figurative first fruits premiers fruits mpl;

American School first grade = classe de l'école primaire (5 à 6 ans);

Sport first half première mi-temps f;

First Lady (in US) = femme du président des États-Unis;

∎ figurative the first lady of rock/of the detective novel la grande dame du rock/du roman policier;

first language langue f maternelle;

first lieutenant Nautical lieutenant m de vaisseau; American Military & Aviation lieutenant m;

first love premier amour m;

Nautical first mate second m;

Politics First Minister (of Scottish Parliament) Premier ministre m;

first name prénom m;

∎ to be on first name terms with sb appeler qn par son prénom;

Theatre first night première f;

Law first offender délinquant(e) m,f primaire;

Nautical first officer second m;

Theatre first performance première f;

Grammar first person première personne f;

∎ in the first person à la première personne;

first principle principe m fondamental ou de base;

Finance first quarter (of financial year) premier trimestre m;

first refusal préférence f;

∎ to give sb first refusal on sth donner la préférence à qn pour qch;

∎ I promised Nadine first refusal j'ai promis à Nadine que je lui donnerais la préférence;

Cinema first showing première exclusivité f;

American the First State = surnom donné au Delaware;

Sport first string les meilleurs joueurs mpl (d'une équipe);

Sport first team (équipe f) première f;

Music first violin (person, instrument) premier violon m;

the First World les pays mpl industrialisés;

the First World War la Première Guerre mondiale

'first-class adj

1) ( best quality) Erste[r]-Klasse-;

\first-class article Spitzenerzeugnis nt, Spitzenprodukt nt;

\first-class compartment Erste[r]-Klasse-Abteil nt;

\first-class mail bevorzugt beförderte Post;

( Brit) [bevorzugt beförderte] Inlandspost;

(Am) Briefpost f;

\first-class restaurant Restaurant nt der Spitzenklasse;

2) (approv: wonderful) erstklassig, erstrangig adv erster Klasse;

to travel \first-class erster Klasse reisen

best-eerst

first-string player

noun

Sport (regular) joueur(euse) m,f régulier(ère) (d'une équipe); (best) meilleur(e) joueur(euse) m,f (d'une équipe)

- firstly

først

første

subst. \/fɜːst\/

1) (den\/det\/de) første

2) begynnelse

3) førsteutgave, førsteopplag

4) ( sport) førsteplass, første

• she came in first

5) ( universitet) beste karakter

• he got a first

6) ( motorteknikk) førstegir, første

• put the car in first

at first først, i begynnelsen

an easy first en god nummer en

the first den første (i en måned)

first but one nest best, nummer to, andre rekke

• she came in first but one

firsts ( handel) prima kvalitet

• these stockings are firsts

from first to last hele tiden, fra begynnelse til slutt

from the first helt fra begynnelsen, fra starten av

adj. \/fɜːst\/

1) ( tallord) første

• his first appearance

• they left after the first feature

• you haven't the first idea about it

• I don't know the first thing about him

2) høyeste, høyst

3) ( handel) best, prima

first floor andre etasje (britisk), første etasje (amer.)

adv. \/fɜːst\/

1) først

2) før, heller

• he would die first

3) første gang

• when did you first see her?

• when first she saw me

• when we were first married I earned £280 a week

4) første klasse

• travel first

first and last første og siste, først og sist, først og fremst alt i alt, i bunn og grunn, i det store og hele

first come first served se ➢ come, 2

first of all først og fremst, aller først

first off (amer., hverdagslig) først, i begynnelsen

first or last før eller senere

first up (austr.) på første forsøk først av alt

1) (of the first class) erster Klasse nachgestellt; Erster-Klasse-[Fahrkarte, Abteil, Passagier, Post, Brief usw.]

2) (excellent) erstklassig

* * *

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) erstklassig

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) ausgezeichnet

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) erster Klasse

* * *

I. adj

1. (best quality) Erste[r]-Klasse-

\first-class article Spitzenerzeugnis nt, Spitzenprodukt nt

\first-class compartment Erste[r]-Klasse-Abteil nt

\first-class mail bevorzugt beförderte Post; BRIT [bevorzugt beförderte] Inlandspost; AM Briefpost f

\first-class restaurant Restaurant nt der Spitzenklasse

2. ( approv: wonderful) erstklassig, erstrangig

II. adv erster Klasse

to travel \first-class erster Klasse reisen

* * *

first-class

A adj

1. erstklassig, -rangig:

first-class honours degree → academic.ru/27533/first_class">first class 3;

first-class mail → first class 4

2. BAHN etc Erste(r)-Klasse-…, erster Klasse

B adv

1. BAHN etc erster Klasse:

2. send sth first-class Postwesen Br etwas bevorzugt befördern lassen

* * *

1) (of the first class) erster Klasse nachgestellt; Erster-Klasse-[Fahrkarte, Abteil, Passagier, Post, Brief usw.]

2) (excellent) erstklassig

* * *

erstklassig adj.

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) førsteklasses; top-

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) førsteklasses; i top; uovertruffen

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) førsteklasses-; på første klasse

* * *

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) førsteklasses; top-

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) førsteklasses; i top; uovertruffen

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) førsteklasses-; på første klasse

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) de primera clase

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) de primera calidad, excelente

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; (also adverb) She always travels first-class.) de primera clase

tr['fɜːstklɑːs]

adjective

1 de primera clase

■ a first-class ticket is more expensive un billete de primera clase es más caro

2 figurative use de primera, excelente

■ your work really is first-class tu trabajo es realmente excelente

adverb

1 en primera

■ to travel first-class viajar en primera, viajar en preferente

\

first-class mail SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL servicio de correo en que las cartas se reparten al día siguiente

first-class (hounours) degree ≈ sobresaliente m (título universitario que corresponde a la nota más alta)

first-class ['fərst'klæs] adv

: en primera

to travel first-class: viajar en primera

first-class adj

: de primera

• de primera clase adj.

• en primera clase adv.

adjective (pred first-class class)

a) ( of highest grade) <hotel/ticket> de primera clase; < travel> en primera (clase)

b) ( excellent) de primera, de primer orden

c) (BrE Corresp)

1. ADJ

1) [passenger, accommodation] de primera clase; [travel, compartment, train] de primera (clase); [stamp] referido a un sello de correos, que asegura mayor rapidez en la entrega

2) (=very good) [education, performance] de primera (calidad)

* * *

adjective (pred first-class class)

a) ( of highest grade) <hotel/ticket> de primera clase; < travel> en primera (clase)

b) ( excellent) de primera, de primer orden

c) (BrE Corresp)

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) di prima classe

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) di prima qualità

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) in prima classe

* * *

1. adj

1) di prima classe

2) (very good) di prima qualità

3)

2. adv

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) førsteklasses, på/av første klasse

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) førsteklasses

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) første klasse

adj. \/ˌfɜːs(t)ˈklɑːs\/, foranstilt: \/ˈfɜːs(t)klɑːs\/

førsteklasses, førsteklasse-, prima

• first-class passengers

• a first-class hotel

a first-class row ( hverdagslig) en skikkelig krangel

adv. \/ˌfɜːs(t)ˈklɑːs\/, foranstilt: \/ˈfɜːs(t)klɑːs\/

på første klasse

• travel first-class

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) de primeira classe

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) excelente

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) de primeira classe

* * *

first-class

[fə:st kl'a:s] adj de primeira classe, primeira ordem. to travel first-class viajar em primeira classe.

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) prvovrsten

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) prvovrsten

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) v prvem razredu

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prvovrsten, najboljši;

prvovrstno, odlično

to travel first-class — potovati v prvem razredu

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1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) najlepszej jakości

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) pierwszorzędny

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) pierwszej klasy

1) (of the best quality: a first-class hotel.) fyrsta flokks

2) (very good: This food is first-class!) fyrsta flokks, fyrirtaks

3) ((for) travelling in the best and most expensive part of the train, plane, ship etc: a first-class passenger ticket; ( also adverb) She always travels first-class.) fyrsta farrÿmi